In order to improve the identification of PTSD in young children, Scheeringa and colleagues, proposed alternative PTSD criteria for young children. As a consequence, not all young children with substantial levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) did fully meet the required DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, although these children can experience impairment and need trauma-focused treatment. Therefore, some of the symptoms were not suitable for young children, because they required skills that young children have not yet developed, such as verbal expression, memory or abstract thought. The PTSD criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) were based on research among adults and older children. Before the release of the DSM-5, several studies had shown that more developmentally sensitive PTSD criteria for young children were needed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) includes a subtype for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children 6 years and younger. It remains important that clinicians pay attention to children with subsyndromal PTSD. Conclusionsįor young children, the DSM-5 subtype for children 6 years and younger and the PTSD-AA algorithm appear to be better suited than the previous DSM-IV algorithm. Of these children 2 met the criteria of all three algorithms, 7 met both the DSM-5 subtype for children 6 years and younger and the PTSD-AA algorithm, and 2 did not fully meet any of the algorithms (subsyndromal PTSD). ResultsĪ total of 9 of the children (9.2 %) showed substantial PTSS. We compared the three PTSD algorithms in order to explore the diagnostic outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics of the children, accident related information and PTS symptoms. Child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were measured with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Child Version (ADIS-C/P), complemented with items from the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment (DIPA). Parents of 98 young children (0–7 years) involved in an accident between 20 participated in a semi-structured telephone interview. The current study explores diagnostic outcomes of the three algorithms in young child survivors of accidental trauma. However, very few studies compared the three algorithms simultaneously. Both the DSM-5 algorithm for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children 6 years and younger and Scheeringa’s alternative PTSD algorithm (PTSD-AA) aim to be more developmentally sensitive for young children than the DSM-IV PTSD algorithm.
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